ORTA-ALT SEVİYE (A2) DERS İÇERİĞİ

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A. Phonetics:

Schwa Sound (Ə):
Örnek Kelime: "banana" → /bəˈnænə/

• Türkçe Açıklama: İngilizce'de bazı heceler "schwa" adı verilen zayıf bir sesle okunur. Bu ses "ı" ile "e" arası bir tınıdır. Örneğin, "banana" kelimesindeki ilk ve son heceler "bı" ve "nı" gibi duyulur.

-ing Takısı:
Örnek Kelime: "running" → /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

• Türkçe Açıklama: "-ing" takısı genellikle /ɪŋ/ olarak telaffuz edilir. Türkçe'deki "-ing" gibi değil, "runnin" şeklinde okunur.

TH Sesleri:

• /θ/ → İnce "th": "think" → /θɪŋk/
• /ð/ → Kalın "th": "this" → /ðɪs/
• Türkçe Açıklama: İnce "th" sesi dilin üst dişlere hafifçe dokundurulmasıyla çıkar. Kalın "th" sesi ise aynı pozisyonda daha titreşimli bir şekilde çıkar.

B. Daily Routines Using "Before, After, When" (Zenginleştirilmiş):

• Before:
  • "I drink coffee before I leave the house."
  • "Before she goes to work, she checks her emails."
• After:
  • "I exercise after I wake up."
  • "After we eat dinner, we watch TV together."
• When:
  • "I call my friend when I walk to work."
  • "When she finishes studying, she listens to music."

Ving Kullanımları ile Resim Betimleme:

• Cümle Kısaltma (Sentence Reduction):
  • "The boy who is playing the guitar" → "The boy playing the guitar."
• Bağlaç Kısaltma (Conjunction Reduction):
  • "While she is cooking, she listens to music." → "While cooking, she listens to music."
• Relative Clause:
  • "The man who is standing by the door is the teacher." → "The man standing by the door is the teacher."

Öğrenciler İçin Resim Betimleme Aktivitesi:

1. "The girl sitting on the bench is reading a book."
2. "The man standing near the car is calling someone."
3. "The children playing in the garden are very happy."
4. "The woman holding a bouquet of flowers looks excited."

Cümle Kurma Aktivitesi:

• Öğrencilere resimler verilir ve her bir kişinin ne yaptığını -Ving yapısı ile ifade etmeleri istenir:
  • "Who is standing in the picture?"
  • "What is the boy holding?"

Örnek:

• "The boy wearing a blue jacket is running in the park."
• "The woman cooking in the kitchen is smiling."

Group Activity:

• Grup halinde bir resimdeki tüm detaylar betimlenir ve bir paragraf oluşturulur.
• Örnek: "The man wearing glasses is working on a laptop, and the kids running in the background are playing soccer."

Bu yapı, öğrencilerin görsellerden yola çıkarak betimleme becerilerini geliştirir. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• There was, there were, last week, yesterday, ago, went, saw, visited, had, enjoyed.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

• There Was/There Were Kullanımı:
  • "There was a park near my house."
  • "There were many people at the concert last night."
• Simple Past Kullanımı:
  • Olumlu: "I visited the museum yesterday."
  • Olumsuz: "We didn’t go to the beach last weekend."
  • Soru: "Did you see the fireworks last night?"

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Timeline Activity:
   • Öğrenciler geçmişteki önemli olayları bir zaman çizelgesi üzerinde anlatır:
     "There was a big celebration in the city 2 years ago."
     "We went to Paris last summer and visited the Eiffel Tower."

1. Question and Answer Activity:
   • Eşleşen öğrenciler birbirlerine geçmişte yaptıkları aktivitelerle ilgili sorular sorar:
     • "What did you do yesterday?"
     • "There were a lot of people at the mall. Did you see anyone you know?"

1. Descriptive Writing:
   • Öğrencilere bir eski fotoğraf veya bir tarihi yer resmi gösterilir, ve there was/there were kullanarak tanımlamalar yapmaları istenir:
     • "There was a castle on the hill."
     • "There were many tourists taking pictures."

D. Examples:

1. "There was a cat sitting on the roof yesterday."
2. "There were three cakes at the party, and they were delicious."
3. "I didn’t see John at school last week."
4. "Did you visit the art gallery last month?"
5. "There were no cars on the road because it was a holiday."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin geçmişteki durumları ve olayları doğru bir şekilde ifade etmelerini ve basit geçmiş zaman kullanımını pekiştirmelerini sağlar. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• Let's, shall we, why don’t we, how about + Ving, maybe we can, can, could, would, help, bring, pass, tell.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

1. Öneri Yapma:
   • "Let’s go to the park."
   • "How about trying this new restaurant?"
   • "Why don’t we visit the museum?"

1. İsteklerde Bulunma:
   • "Can you help me with this project?"
   • "Could you bring me a glass of water?"
   • "Would you mind opening the window?"

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Role Play:
   • Öğrenciler, önerilerde veya isteklerde bulunduğu kısa diyaloglar yazar:
     • "Let’s go for a coffee after class."
     • "Sure! What time?"
     • "Can you pass me the salt, please?"

1. Suggestion & Request Matching:
   • Öğrencilere öneri veya istek cümleleri ve yanıtlar verilir, doğru eşleştirmeleri yaparlar.

1. Group Activity:
   • Grupça bir etkinlik planlanır ve hem öneriler hem istekler yapılır:
     • "Shall we prepare sandwiches for the picnic?"
     • "Could someone bring drinks?"

D. Examples:

Öneri Cümleleri:

1. "Let’s watch a movie tonight."
2. "Why don’t we have lunch together tomorrow?"
3. "How about going shopping this weekend?"

İstek Cümleleri:
4. "Can you help me with my homework?"
5. "Could you pass me that book?"
6. "Would you mind closing the door?"

Bu ders, öğrencilerin sosyal ortamlarda hem önerilerde bulunma hem de kibar isteklerde bulunma becerilerini geliştirmeye yardımcı olur. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• To + V0 Kullanımı: Study, exercise, travel, visit, explore, relax, learn.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

• Amaç Belirtme:
  • "I study to pass my exams."
  • "She goes to the gym to stay fit."
  • "We went to the museum to learn about history."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Sentence Completion:
   • Öğrencilere eksik cümleler verilir, uygun bir amaç eklemeleri istenir:
     • "I woke up early to ______."
     • "He works hard to ______."

1. Matching Activity:
   • Amaçları ve fiilleri eşleştirme:
     • "to improve my English" → "study."
     • "to relax" → "go on vacation."

1. Role Play:
   • Öğrenciler, amaçlarını ifade ederek bir diyalog oluşturur:
     • "Why do you go to the gym?"
     • "I go to the gym to stay healthy."

D. Examples:

1. "I go to the park to relax after work."
2. "She reads books to improve her vocabulary."
3. "We traveled to Italy to explore the culture."
4. "He saves money to buy a new car."
5. "They attend classes to learn a new language."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin "to + V0" yapısını kullanarak farklı durumlarda amaçlarını ifade etmelerini sağlar. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• Would you like, prefer, like, dislike, enjoy, join, attend, stay, eat, drink.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

1. Davet Etme:

• "Would you like to join us for dinner?"
• "How about attending the concert this weekend?"
• "Would you like to come to my birthday party?"

2. Tercih İfade Etme:

• "I prefer coffee over tea."
• "He likes swimming more than running."
• "I don’t enjoy horror movies as much as comedies."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Role Play:
   • Öğrenciler arkadaşlarını bir etkinliğe davet eder ve karşılıklı diyalog oluşturur:
     • "Would you like to join us for a picnic tomorrow?"
     • "Yes, I’d love to! What time?"

1. Matching Activity:
   
   • Davet cümlelerini ve uygun yanıtları eşleştirme:
     • "Would you like to watch a movie?" → "That sounds great!"
     • "Shall we go hiking?" → "Maybe another time."

D. Examples:

Davet Cümleleri:

1. "Would you like to have lunch with me today?"
2. "Shall we go to the beach this weekend?"
3. "How about watching a new movie tonight?"

Tercih Cümleleri:
4. "I prefer staying home to going out."
5. "She likes action movies more than romantic comedies."
6. "I don’t enjoy spicy food as much as sweet desserts."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin sosyal ortamlarda davetlerde bulunma ve kişisel tercihler hakkında konuşma becerilerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olur. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• Film Türleri: Action, comedy, drama, horror, romantic comedy, thriller.
• Turistik Yerler: Museum, castle, monument, park, historical site, art gallery, beach.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

Simple Present:

• "I love historical movies because they are fascinating."
• "I visit the museum every summer."

Simple Past:

• "We visited the Colosseum during our trip to Rome."
• "I watched a romantic comedy last night, and it was hilarious."

Future Tense:

• "I will go to Paris next year to see the Eiffel Tower."
• "We are going to watch a thriller this weekend."

Purpose (To + V0):

• "I study hard to travel the world one day."
• "We went to the beach to relax."

Comparative & Superlative:

• "This museum is bigger than the one we visited last year."
• "That was the most exciting movie I’ve ever watched!"

There Was/There Were:

• "There were a lot of people at the art gallery yesterday."
• "There was an old castle on the hill."

Used to:

• "I used to watch comedies a lot when I was younger."
• "We used to go to the seaside every summer."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Role Play:
   • Öğrenciler bir turistik yer veya film hakkında konuşarak diyalog oluşturur:
     • "Which film do you recommend?" → "You should watch this comedy; it’s hilarious!"
     • "What is the most beautiful place you have visited?" → "The Grand Canyon was breathtaking!"

1. Group Activity:
   • Gruplar bir film veya turistik yer hakkında kısa bir sunum hazırlar ve tüm cümle yapılarını kullanır.

1. Writing Exercise:
   • Öğrenciler geçmiş, şu anki ve gelecek bir tatil planını yazarken cümle yapılarını kullanır.

D. Examples:

Filmlerle İlgili:

1. "We watched an action movie last night, and it was thrilling."
2. "This comedy is funnier than the one we saw last week."
3. "Next month, I will watch a documentary about space exploration."

Turistik Yerlerle İlgili:
4. "There were so many tourists at the museum yesterday."
5. "I used to visit the beach every weekend during summer."
6. "This park is the most peaceful place in the city."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin öğrendikleri tüm cümle yapılarını bir bağlamda tekrar etmelerini sağlar ve dil kullanımlarını pekiştirir. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• Before, after, when, while, watched, studied, cooked, played, traveled.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

1. Zaman Bağlaçları ile Geçmişten Bahsetme:
   • Before: "I had breakfast before I went to school."
   • After: "She called her friend after she finished her homework."
   • When: "I was reading a book when the phone rang."
   • While: "While I was cooking, my friend arrived."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

Timeline Activity:

• Öğrenciler geçmişteki olayları bir zaman çizelgesinde sıralar ve bağlaçlarla cümle kurar:
  • "Before the lesson started, I prepared my notebook."
  • "After dinner, we went for a walk."

Group Activity:

• Gruplar geçmişte yaşanan bir günü anlatır ve her bir bağlaçla birer cümle yazar.

Picture Description:

• Öğrencilere bir olayın resimleri verilir, bağlaçlar kullanarak resimleri betimlemeleri istenir:
  • "While they were playing football, it started to rain."

D. Examples:

1. "I had tea before I went to bed."
2. "After the train arrived, we got on."
3. "When I saw him, he was reading a book."
4. "While she was cooking, her sister called her."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin geçmişteki olayları anlamlı bir şekilde bağlaçlarla ifade etme becerilerini geliştirir. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• Bigger, smaller, taller, shorter, more interesting, less expensive, the best, the worst, the most beautiful.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

1. Comparative (Karşılaştırma):
   • "This movie is longer than the previous one."
   • "She is taller than her brother."

1. Superlative (Üstünlük):
   • "This is the most exciting book I’ve ever read."
   • "He is the best player in the team."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Picture Comparison:
   • Öğrencilere iki farklı resim gösterilir ve karşılaştırma yapmaları istenir:
     • "The red car is faster than the blue car."
     • "The first building is taller than the second one."

1. Ranking Exercise:
   • Öğrenciler bir liste oluşturur ve sıfatların üstünlük derecelerini ifade eder:
     • "Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world."

D. Examples:

1. "This hotel is cheaper than the one we stayed in last year."
2. "The blue dress is more elegant than the red one."
3. "He is the smartest student in the class."
4. "The second movie was better than the first one."
5. "The beach we visited yesterday was the most beautiful place I’ve ever seen."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin nesneler, kişiler veya yerler arasında karşılaştırma yapma ve üstünlük derecelerini ifade etme becerilerini geliştirir. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• Been, visited, traveled, eaten, studied, lived, tried, seen, heard, enjoyed.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

Deneyimlerden Bahsetme:

• "I have been to Paris twice."
• "She has never tried sushi before."
• "Have you ever visited the Great Wall of China?"

Sonuçları Hâlâ Etkili Olan Geçmiş Olaylar:

• "I have just finished my homework."
• "He has already seen that movie."
• "We haven’t decided where to go yet."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

Question and Answer Activity:

• Öğrenciler birbirlerine Have you ever... soruları sorar:
  • "Have you ever eaten sushi?" → "Yes, I have. It was delicious!"
  • "Have you ever traveled abroad?" → "No, I haven’t."

Timeline Exercise:

• Öğrenciler geçmişte yaptıkları ve hâlâ etkisi süren olayları bir zaman çizelgesinde anlatır:
  • "I have visited three countries so far."

Experience Sharing:

• Öğrenciler deneyimlerini paylaşır:
  • "I have tried paragliding, and it was amazing."

D. Examples:

1. "I have visited Istanbul three times, and I love it."
2. "She has never seen snow before."
3. "Have you ever read this book? It’s fascinating."
4. "They haven’t finished their project yet."
5. "We have already booked our tickets for the concert."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin geçmişte yaşadıkları deneyimlerden bahsetmelerini ve hâlâ etkisi süren olayları ifade etmelerini sağlar. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• Must, mustn't, have to, don’t have to, should, shouldn’t, follow, obey, complete, finish, wear, respect.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

1. Zorunlulukları İfade Etme (Must/Have to):
   • "You must wear a helmet while riding a bike."
   • "I have to finish this report by tomorrow."

1. Zorunluluk Olmayan Durumları İfade Etme (Don’t Have to):
   • "You don’t have to bring your own food; the restaurant provides it."

1. Tavsiye Verme (Should/Shouldn’t):
   • "You should study harder for the exam."
   • "You shouldn’t eat so much junk food."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Situation Cards:
   • Öğrencilere farklı durumlar verilir ve uygun zorunluluk veya tavsiye cümleleri kurmaları istenir:
     • "You are traveling abroad. What should you do?" → "You should carry your passport at all times."

1. Role Play:
   • Öğrenciler bir işyeri veya okul kurallarıyla ilgili diyalog oluşturur:
     • "What do I have to do to get the job?" → "You must submit your CV and attend an interview."

1. Classroom Rules:
   • Öğrenciler sınıf kuralları belirler:
     • "You must turn off your phone."
     • "You shouldn’t talk during the lesson."

D. Examples:

1. "You must arrive on time for the meeting."
2. "I have to finish my homework before going out."
3. "You don’t have to pay for parking; it’s free."
4. "You should drink more water to stay healthy."
5. "She shouldn’t skip breakfast; it’s important."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin hem zorunluluk hem de tavsiyelerle ilgili ifadeleri öğrenmelerini ve sosyal ortamlarda kullanmalarını sağlar. 😊

A. Vocabulary (Kelime Bilgisi):

• And, but, because, so, although, while, when, before, after, since.

B. Functional Language (İşlevsel Dil):

1. And, But, So, Because Kullanımı:
   • "I like comedies, but I don’t like horror movies."
   • "We went home because it was raining."
   • "She studied hard, so she passed the exam."

1. Zaman Bağlaçları ile Kullanım (Before, After, When, While):
   • "I called him before I left the house."
   • "After dinner, we watched a movie."
   • "He was reading a book when I arrived."
   • "While she was cooking, her friend called her."

1. Although Kullanımı (Zıtlık Bildirme):
   • "Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk."

C. Teaching Strategy (Öğretim Stratejisi):

1. Sentence Completion:
   • Öğrencilere eksik cümleler verilir ve bağlaç ekleyerek tamamlamaları istenir:
     • "I went to the park ______ it was sunny."
     • "He didn’t study much, ______ he failed the test."

1. Matching Activity:
   • Bağlaçlarla cümle eşleştirme yapılır:
     • "It was raining." → "So we stayed inside."
     • "I love pizza." → "But I don’t eat it often."

1. Group Writing:
   • Gruplar bir hikaye yazar ve her bağlaçtan en az bir tane kullanır:
     • "Although we were tired, we continued our trip. After we rested, we visited a museum."

D. Examples:

1. "I like action movies, but I don’t enjoy dramas."
2. "We stayed home because it was too cold outside."
3. "She was cleaning the house while her brother was cooking."
4. "Although the movie was long, it was very entertaining."
5. "After the meeting ended, we went out for coffee."

Bu ders, öğrencilerin bağlaçları kullanarak daha akıcı ve anlamlı cümleler kurmasını sağlar. 😊